# iris data set

Iris has many meanings, such as the iris of the eye:

![iris of the eye](https://2417198446-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F04q6gn1bES1RZU067ZeW%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-fa81dd412db0295efec70b99e3dc5eb3b91a9375%2Fimage.png?alt=media)

The iris data set we are talking about today refers to the iris flower data set.

![iris dataset](https://2417198446-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F04q6gn1bES1RZU067ZeW%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-3dce02d1da8083b842281020f0ebdfce62a49167%2Fimage.png?alt=media)

The Iris data set is a commonly used classification experimental data set, collected and organized by Fisher, 1936. Iris, also known as the iris flower data set, is a type of data set for multivariate analysis. The data set contains 150 data samples, divided into 3 categories, each with 50 data, and each data contains 4 attributes. The four attributes of calyx length, calyx width, petal length, and petal width can be used to predict which of the three species (Setosa, Versicolour, Virginica) the iris flower belongs to.

![Setosa, Versicolour, Virginica](https://2417198446-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F04q6gn1bES1RZU067ZeW%2Fuploads%2Fgit-blob-bc76d19f4d0675ab5434d52509aeba6f229084db%2Fimage.png?alt=media)

The iris data set is very small, and we can list them here.

```python
sepal_length,sepal_width,petal_length,petal_width,species
5.1,3.5,1.4,0.2,setosa
4.9,3.0,1.4,0.2,setosa
4.7,3.2,1.3,0.2,setosa
4.6,3.1,1.5,0.2,setosa
5.0,3.6,1.4,0.2,setosa
5.4,3.9,1.7,0.4,setosa
4.6,3.4,1.4,0.3,setosa
5.0,3.4,1.5,0.2,setosa
4.4,2.9,1.4,0.2,setosa
4.9,3.1,1.5,0.1,setosa
5.4,3.7,1.5,0.2,setosa
4.8,3.4,1.6,0.2,setosa
4.8,3.0,1.4,0.1,setosa
4.3,3.0,1.1,0.1,setosa
5.8,4.0,1.2,0.2,setosa
5.7,4.4,1.5,0.4,setosa
5.4,3.9,1.3,0.4,setosa
5.1,3.5,1.4,0.3,setosa
5.7,3.8,1.7,0.3,setosa
5.1,3.8,1.5,0.3,setosa
5.4,3.4,1.7,0.2,setosa
5.1,3.7,1.5,0.4,setosa
4.6,3.6,1.0,0.2,setosa
5.1,3.3,1.7,0.5,setosa
4.8,3.4,1.9,0.2,setosa
5.0,3.0,1.6,0.2,setosa
5.0,3.4,1.6,0.4,setosa
5.2,3.5,1.5,0.2,setosa
5.2,3.4,1.4,0.2,setosa
4.7,3.2,1.6,0.2,setosa
4.8,3.1,1.6,0.2,setosa
5.4,3.4,1.5,0.4,setosa
5.2,4.1,1.5,0.1,setosa
5.5,4.2,1.4,0.2,setosa
4.9,3.1,1.5,0.1,setosa
5.0,3.2,1.2,0.2,setosa
5.5,3.5,1.3,0.2,setosa
4.9,3.1,1.5,0.1,setosa
4.4,3.0,1.3,0.2,setosa
5.1,3.4,1.5,0.2,setosa
5.0,3.5,1.3,0.3,setosa
4.5,2.3,1.3,0.3,setosa
4.4,3.2,1.3,0.2,setosa
5.0,3.5,1.6,0.6,setosa
5.1,3.8,1.9,0.4,setosa
4.8,3.0,1.4,0.3,setosa
5.1,3.8,1.6,0.2,setosa
4.6,3.2,1.4,0.2,setosa
5.3,3.7,1.5,0.2,setosa
5.0,3.3,1.4,0.2,setosa
7.0,3.2,4.7,1.4,versicolor
6.4,3.2,4.5,1.5,versicolor
6.9,3.1,4.9,1.5,versicolor
5.5,2.3,4.0,1.3,versicolor
6.5,2.8,4.6,1.5,versicolor
5.7,2.8,4.5,1.3,versicolor
6.3,3.3,4.7,1.6,versicolor
4.9,2.4,3.3,1.0,versicolor
6.6,2.9,4.6,1.3,versicolor
5.2,2.7,3.9,1.4,versicolor
5.0,2.0,3.5,1.0,versicolor
5.9,3.0,4.2,1.5,versicolor
6.0,2.2,4.0,1.0,versicolor
6.1,2.9,4.7,1.4,versicolor
5.6,2.9,3.6,1.3,versicolor
6.7,3.1,4.4,1.4,versicolor
5.6,3.0,4.5,1.5,versicolor
5.8,2.7,4.1,1.0,versicolor
6.2,2.2,4.5,1.5,versicolor
5.6,2.5,3.9,1.1,versicolor
5.9,3.2,4.8,1.8,versicolor
6.1,2.8,4.0,1.3,versicolor
6.3,2.5,4.9,1.5,versicolor
6.1,2.8,4.7,1.2,versicolor
6.4,2.9,4.3,1.3,versicolor
6.6,3.0,4.4,1.4,versicolor
6.8,2.8,4.8,1.4,versicolor
6.7,3.0,5.0,1.7,versicolor
6.0,2.9,4.5,1.5,versicolor
5.7,2.6,3.5,1.0,versicolor
5.5,2.4,3.8,1.1,versicolor
5.5,2.4,3.7,1.0,versicolor
5.8,2.7,3.9,1.2,versicolor
6.0,2.7,5.1,1.6,versicolor
5.4,3.0,4.5,1.5,versicolor
6.0,3.4,4.5,1.6,versicolor
6.7,3.1,4.7,1.5,versicolor
6.3,2.3,4.4,1.3,versicolor
5.6,3.0,4.1,1.3,versicolor
5.5,2.5,4.0,1.3,versicolor
5.5,2.6,4.4,1.2,versicolor
6.1,3.0,4.6,1.4,versicolor
5.8,2.6,4.0,1.2,versicolor
5.0,2.3,3.3,1.0,versicolor
5.6,2.7,4.2,1.3,versicolor
5.7,3.0,4.2,1.2,versicolor
5.7,2.9,4.2,1.3,versicolor
6.2,2.9,4.3,1.3,versicolor
5.1,2.5,3.0,1.1,versicolor
5.7,2.8,4.1,1.3,versicolor
6.3,3.3,6.0,2.5,virginica
5.8,2.7,5.1,1.9,virginica
7.1,3.0,5.9,2.1,virginica
6.3,2.9,5.6,1.8,virginica
6.5,3.0,5.8,2.2,virginica
7.6,3.0,6.6,2.1,virginica
4.9,2.5,4.5,1.7,virginica
7.3,2.9,6.3,1.8,virginica
6.7,2.5,5.8,1.8,virginica
7.2,3.6,6.1,2.5,virginica
6.5,3.2,5.1,2.0,virginica
6.4,2.7,5.3,1.9,virginica
6.8,3.0,5.5,2.1,virginica
5.7,2.5,5.0,2.0,virginica
5.8,2.8,5.1,2.4,virginica
6.4,3.2,5.3,2.3,virginica
6.5,3.0,5.5,1.8,virginica
7.7,3.8,6.7,2.2,virginica
7.7,2.6,6.9,2.3,virginica
6.0,2.2,5.0,1.5,virginica
6.9,3.2,5.7,2.3,virginica
5.6,2.8,4.9,2.0,virginica
7.7,2.8,6.7,2.0,virginica
6.3,2.7,4.9,1.8,virginica
6.7,3.3,5.7,2.1,virginica
7.2,3.2,6.0,1.8,virginica
6.2,2.8,4.8,1.8,virginica
6.1,3.0,4.9,1.8,virginica
6.4,2.8,5.6,2.1,virginica
7.2,3.0,5.8,1.6,virginica
7.4,2.8,6.1,1.9,virginica
7.9,3.8,6.4,2.0,virginica
6.4,2.8,5.6,2.2,virginica
6.3,2.8,5.1,1.5,virginica
6.1,2.6,5.6,1.4,virginica
7.7,3.0,6.1,2.3,virginica
6.3,3.4,5.6,2.4,virginica
6.4,3.1,5.5,1.8,virginica
6.0,3.0,4.8,1.8,virginica
6.9,3.1,5.4,2.1,virginica
6.7,3.1,5.6,2.4,virginica
6.9,3.1,5.1,2.3,virginica
5.8,2.7,5.1,1.9,virginica
6.8,3.2,5.9,2.3,virginica
6.7,3.3,5.7,2.5,virginica
6.7,3.0,5.2,2.3,virginica
6.3,2.5,5.0,1.9,virginica
6.5,3.0,5.2,2.0,virginica
6.2,3.4,5.4,2.3,virginica
5.9,3.0,5.1,1.8,virginica
```

The data is presented in csv format, which is a table format and can be opened with escel. The first row of the table is: **sepal\_length, sepal\_width, petal\_length, petal\_width, and species** are the meaning of each column.

The csv file can be downloaded here (or copy the above code into a txt file and change the suffix to csv)

{% embed url="<https://gist.githubusercontent.com/curran/a08a1080b88344b0c8a7/raw/0e7a9b0a5d22642a06d3d5b9bcbad9890c8ee534/iris.csv>" %}
iris.csv
{% endembed %}

The iris data set can be extracted with the following code. The petal data is in the data, and the type of flower is in the label (string type).

```python
f = open('iris.csv', 'r')
lines = f.readlines()

data = []
label = []

for line in lines[ 1: ]:
    line = line.replace('\n', '').split(',')
    
    # Convert string data into float form
    data.append( list(map(float, line[ :-1 ])) )
    label.append( line[-1] )
    
print(data)
print()
print(label)
```

We printed data and label, and the output results are as follows (with a blank line in the middle), where data is data of float type and label is data of string type.

```python
[[5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2], [4.9, 3.0, 1.4, 0.2], [4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2], 
[4.6, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2], [5.0, 3.6, 1.4, 0.2], [5.4, 3.9, 1.7, 0.4], 
[4.6, 3.4, 1.4, 0.3], [5.0, 3.4, 1.5, 0.2], [4.4, 2.9, 1.4, 0.2], 
[4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.1], [5.4, 3.7, 1.5, 0.2], [4.8, 3.4, 1.6, 0.2], 
[4.8, 3.0, 1.4, 0.1], [4.3, 3.0, 1.1, 0.1], [5.8, 4.0, 1.2, 0.2], 
[5.7, 4.4, 1.5, 0.4], [5.4, 3.9, 1.3, 0.4], [5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.3], 
[5.7, 3.8, 1.7, 0.3], [5.1, 3.8, 1.5, 0.3], [5.4, 3.4, 1.7, 0.2], 
[5.1, 3.7, 1.5, 0.4], [4.6, 3.6, 1.0, 0.2], [5.1, 3.3, 1.7, 0.5], 
[4.8, 3.4, 1.9, 0.2], [5.0, 3.0, 1.6, 0.2], [5.0, 3.4, 1.6, 0.4], 
[5.2, 3.5, 1.5, 0.2], [5.2, 3.4, 1.4, 0.2], [4.7, 3.2, 1.6, 0.2], 
[4.8, 3.1, 1.6, 0.2], [5.4, 3.4, 1.5, 0.4], [5.2, 4.1, 1.5, 0.1], 
[5.5, 4.2, 1.4, 0.2], [4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.1], [5.0, 3.2, 1.2, 0.2], 
[5.5, 3.5, 1.3, 0.2], [4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.1], [4.4, 3.0, 1.3, 0.2], 
[5.1, 3.4, 1.5, 0.2], [5.0, 3.5, 1.3, 0.3], [4.5, 2.3, 1.3, 0.3], 
[4.4, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2], [5.0, 3.5, 1.6, 0.6], [5.1, 3.8, 1.9, 0.4], 
[4.8, 3.0, 1.4, 0.3], [5.1, 3.8, 1.6, 0.2], [4.6, 3.2, 1.4, 0.2], 
[5.3, 3.7, 1.5, 0.2], [5.0, 3.3, 1.4, 0.2], [7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4], 
[6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5], [6.9, 3.1, 4.9, 1.5], [5.5, 2.3, 4.0, 1.3], 
[6.5, 2.8, 4.6, 1.5], [5.7, 2.8, 4.5, 1.3], [6.3, 3.3, 4.7, 1.6], 
[4.9, 2.4, 3.3, 1.0], [6.6, 2.9, 4.6, 1.3], [5.2, 2.7, 3.9, 1.4], 
[5.0, 2.0, 3.5, 1.0], [5.9, 3.0, 4.2, 1.5], [6.0, 2.2, 4.0, 1.0], 
[6.1, 2.9, 4.7, 1.4], [5.6, 2.9, 3.6, 1.3], [6.7, 3.1, 4.4, 1.4], 
[5.6, 3.0, 4.5, 1.5], [5.8, 2.7, 4.1, 1.0], [6.2, 2.2, 4.5, 1.5], 
[5.6, 2.5, 3.9, 1.1], [5.9, 3.2, 4.8, 1.8], [6.1, 2.8, 4.0, 1.3], 
[6.3, 2.5, 4.9, 1.5], [6.1, 2.8, 4.7, 1.2], [6.4, 2.9, 4.3, 1.3], 
[6.6, 3.0, 4.4, 1.4], [6.8, 2.8, 4.8, 1.4], [6.7, 3.0, 5.0, 1.7], 
[6.0, 2.9, 4.5, 1.5], [5.7, 2.6, 3.5, 1.0], [5.5, 2.4, 3.8, 1.1], 
[5.5, 2.4, 3.7, 1.0], [5.8, 2.7, 3.9, 1.2], [6.0, 2.7, 5.1, 1.6], 
[5.4, 3.0, 4.5, 1.5], [6.0, 3.4, 4.5, 1.6], [6.7, 3.1, 4.7, 1.5], 
[6.3, 2.3, 4.4, 1.3], [5.6, 3.0, 4.1, 1.3], [5.5, 2.5, 4.0, 1.3], 
[5.5, 2.6, 4.4, 1.2], [6.1, 3.0, 4.6, 1.4], [5.8, 2.6, 4.0, 1.2], 
[5.0, 2.3, 3.3, 1.0], [5.6, 2.7, 4.2, 1.3], [5.7, 3.0, 4.2, 1.2], 
[5.7, 2.9, 4.2, 1.3], [6.2, 2.9, 4.3, 1.3], [5.1, 2.5, 3.0, 1.1], 
[5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3], [6.3, 3.3, 6.0, 2.5], [5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9], 
[7.1, 3.0, 5.9, 2.1], [6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8], [6.5, 3.0, 5.8, 2.2], 
[7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1], [4.9, 2.5, 4.5, 1.7], [7.3, 2.9, 6.3, 1.8], 
[6.7, 2.5, 5.8, 1.8], [7.2, 3.6, 6.1, 2.5], [6.5, 3.2, 5.1, 2.0], 
[6.4, 2.7, 5.3, 1.9], [6.8, 3.0, 5.5, 2.1], [5.7, 2.5, 5.0, 2.0], 
[5.8, 2.8, 5.1, 2.4], [6.4, 3.2, 5.3, 2.3], [6.5, 3.0, 5.5, 1.8], 
[7.7, 3.8, 6.7, 2.2], [7.7, 2.6, 6.9, 2.3], [6.0, 2.2, 5.0, 1.5], 
[6.9, 3.2, 5.7, 2.3], [5.6, 2.8, 4.9, 2.0], [7.7, 2.8, 6.7, 2.0], 
[6.3, 2.7, 4.9, 1.8], [6.7, 3.3, 5.7, 2.1], [7.2, 3.2, 6.0, 1.8], 
[6.2, 2.8, 4.8, 1.8], [6.1, 3.0, 4.9, 1.8], [6.4, 2.8, 5.6, 2.1], 
[7.2, 3.0, 5.8, 1.6], [7.4, 2.8, 6.1, 1.9], [7.9, 3.8, 6.4, 2.0], 
[6.4, 2.8, 5.6, 2.2], [6.3, 2.8, 5.1, 1.5], [6.1, 2.6, 5.6, 1.4], 
[7.7, 3.0, 6.1, 2.3], [6.3, 3.4, 5.6, 2.4], [6.4, 3.1, 5.5, 1.8], 
[6.0, 3.0, 4.8, 1.8], [6.9, 3.1, 5.4, 2.1], [6.7, 3.1, 5.6, 2.4], 
[6.9, 3.1, 5.1, 2.3], [5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9], [6.8, 3.2, 5.9, 2.3], 
[6.7, 3.3, 5.7, 2.5], [6.7, 3.0, 5.2, 2.3], [6.3, 2.5, 5.0, 1.9], 
[6.5, 3.0, 5.2, 2.0], [6.2, 3.4, 5.4, 2.3], [5.9, 3.0, 5.1, 1.8]]

['setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 
'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 
'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 
'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 
'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa',
'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 
'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 'setosa', 
'setosa', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 'versicolor', 
'versicolor', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 
'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica', 'virginica']
```

We can also use the following method to convert the label from a string variable to an integer number to facilitate subsequent processing

```python
f = open('iris.csv', 'r')
lines = f.readlines()

data = []
label = []

for line in lines[ 1: ]:
    line = line.replace('\n', '').split(',')
    
    # Convert string data into float form
    data.append( list(map(float, line[ :-1 ])) )
    label.append( line[-1] )


# Turn the string into a number to facilitate subsequent processing
name_list = list(set(label))
for index in range(len(label)):
    label[index] = name_list.index( label[index] )
    

print(data)
print()
print(label)
```

The output is as follows:

```python
[[5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.2], [4.9, 3.0, 1.4, 0.2], [4.7, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2], 
[4.6, 3.1, 1.5, 0.2], [5.0, 3.6, 1.4, 0.2], [5.4, 3.9, 1.7, 0.4], 
[4.6, 3.4, 1.4, 0.3], [5.0, 3.4, 1.5, 0.2], [4.4, 2.9, 1.4, 0.2], 
[4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.1], [5.4, 3.7, 1.5, 0.2], [4.8, 3.4, 1.6, 0.2], 
[4.8, 3.0, 1.4, 0.1], [4.3, 3.0, 1.1, 0.1], [5.8, 4.0, 1.2, 0.2], 
[5.7, 4.4, 1.5, 0.4], [5.4, 3.9, 1.3, 0.4], [5.1, 3.5, 1.4, 0.3], 
[5.7, 3.8, 1.7, 0.3], [5.1, 3.8, 1.5, 0.3], [5.4, 3.4, 1.7, 0.2], 
[5.1, 3.7, 1.5, 0.4], [4.6, 3.6, 1.0, 0.2], [5.1, 3.3, 1.7, 0.5], 
[4.8, 3.4, 1.9, 0.2], [5.0, 3.0, 1.6, 0.2], [5.0, 3.4, 1.6, 0.4], 
[5.2, 3.5, 1.5, 0.2], [5.2, 3.4, 1.4, 0.2], [4.7, 3.2, 1.6, 0.2], 
[4.8, 3.1, 1.6, 0.2], [5.4, 3.4, 1.5, 0.4], [5.2, 4.1, 1.5, 0.1], 
[5.5, 4.2, 1.4, 0.2], [4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.1], [5.0, 3.2, 1.2, 0.2], 
[5.5, 3.5, 1.3, 0.2], [4.9, 3.1, 1.5, 0.1], [4.4, 3.0, 1.3, 0.2], 
[5.1, 3.4, 1.5, 0.2], [5.0, 3.5, 1.3, 0.3], [4.5, 2.3, 1.3, 0.3], 
[4.4, 3.2, 1.3, 0.2], [5.0, 3.5, 1.6, 0.6], [5.1, 3.8, 1.9, 0.4], 
[4.8, 3.0, 1.4, 0.3], [5.1, 3.8, 1.6, 0.2], [4.6, 3.2, 1.4, 0.2], 
[5.3, 3.7, 1.5, 0.2], [5.0, 3.3, 1.4, 0.2], [7.0, 3.2, 4.7, 1.4], 
[6.4, 3.2, 4.5, 1.5], [6.9, 3.1, 4.9, 1.5], [5.5, 2.3, 4.0, 1.3], 
[6.5, 2.8, 4.6, 1.5], [5.7, 2.8, 4.5, 1.3], [6.3, 3.3, 4.7, 1.6], 
[4.9, 2.4, 3.3, 1.0], [6.6, 2.9, 4.6, 1.3], [5.2, 2.7, 3.9, 1.4], 
[5.0, 2.0, 3.5, 1.0], [5.9, 3.0, 4.2, 1.5], [6.0, 2.2, 4.0, 1.0], 
[6.1, 2.9, 4.7, 1.4], [5.6, 2.9, 3.6, 1.3], [6.7, 3.1, 4.4, 1.4], 
[5.6, 3.0, 4.5, 1.5], [5.8, 2.7, 4.1, 1.0], [6.2, 2.2, 4.5, 1.5], 
[5.6, 2.5, 3.9, 1.1], [5.9, 3.2, 4.8, 1.8], [6.1, 2.8, 4.0, 1.3], 
[6.3, 2.5, 4.9, 1.5], [6.1, 2.8, 4.7, 1.2], [6.4, 2.9, 4.3, 1.3], 
[6.6, 3.0, 4.4, 1.4], [6.8, 2.8, 4.8, 1.4], [6.7, 3.0, 5.0, 1.7], 
[6.0, 2.9, 4.5, 1.5], [5.7, 2.6, 3.5, 1.0], [5.5, 2.4, 3.8, 1.1], 
[5.5, 2.4, 3.7, 1.0], [5.8, 2.7, 3.9, 1.2], [6.0, 2.7, 5.1, 1.6], 
[5.4, 3.0, 4.5, 1.5], [6.0, 3.4, 4.5, 1.6], [6.7, 3.1, 4.7, 1.5], 
[6.3, 2.3, 4.4, 1.3], [5.6, 3.0, 4.1, 1.3], [5.5, 2.5, 4.0, 1.3], 
[5.5, 2.6, 4.4, 1.2], [6.1, 3.0, 4.6, 1.4], [5.8, 2.6, 4.0, 1.2], 
[5.0, 2.3, 3.3, 1.0], [5.6, 2.7, 4.2, 1.3], [5.7, 3.0, 4.2, 1.2], 
[5.7, 2.9, 4.2, 1.3], [6.2, 2.9, 4.3, 1.3], [5.1, 2.5, 3.0, 1.1], 
[5.7, 2.8, 4.1, 1.3], [6.3, 3.3, 6.0, 2.5], [5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9], 
[7.1, 3.0, 5.9, 2.1], [6.3, 2.9, 5.6, 1.8], [6.5, 3.0, 5.8, 2.2], 
[7.6, 3.0, 6.6, 2.1], [4.9, 2.5, 4.5, 1.7], [7.3, 2.9, 6.3, 1.8], 
[6.7, 2.5, 5.8, 1.8], [7.2, 3.6, 6.1, 2.5], [6.5, 3.2, 5.1, 2.0], 
[6.4, 2.7, 5.3, 1.9], [6.8, 3.0, 5.5, 2.1], [5.7, 2.5, 5.0, 2.0], 
[5.8, 2.8, 5.1, 2.4], [6.4, 3.2, 5.3, 2.3], [6.5, 3.0, 5.5, 1.8], 
[7.7, 3.8, 6.7, 2.2], [7.7, 2.6, 6.9, 2.3], [6.0, 2.2, 5.0, 1.5], 
[6.9, 3.2, 5.7, 2.3], [5.6, 2.8, 4.9, 2.0], [7.7, 2.8, 6.7, 2.0], 
[6.3, 2.7, 4.9, 1.8], [6.7, 3.3, 5.7, 2.1], [7.2, 3.2, 6.0, 1.8], 
[6.2, 2.8, 4.8, 1.8], [6.1, 3.0, 4.9, 1.8], [6.4, 2.8, 5.6, 2.1], 
[7.2, 3.0, 5.8, 1.6], [7.4, 2.8, 6.1, 1.9], [7.9, 3.8, 6.4, 2.0], 
[6.4, 2.8, 5.6, 2.2], [6.3, 2.8, 5.1, 1.5], [6.1, 2.6, 5.6, 1.4], 
[7.7, 3.0, 6.1, 2.3], [6.3, 3.4, 5.6, 2.4], [6.4, 3.1, 5.5, 1.8], 
[6.0, 3.0, 4.8, 1.8], [6.9, 3.1, 5.4, 2.1], [6.7, 3.1, 5.6, 2.4], 
[6.9, 3.1, 5.1, 2.3], [5.8, 2.7, 5.1, 1.9], [6.8, 3.2, 5.9, 2.3], 
[6.7, 3.3, 5.7, 2.5], [6.7, 3.0, 5.2, 2.3], [6.3, 2.5, 5.0, 1.9], 
[6.5, 3.0, 5.2, 2.0], [6.2, 3.4, 5.4, 2.3], [5.9, 3.0, 5.1, 1.8]]

[2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 
2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 
1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
```

Converted data and label into a numpy array, you can process the data like in MATLAB.

```python
f = open('iris.csv', 'r')
lines = f.readlines()

data = []
label = []

for line in lines[ 1: ]:
    line = line.replace('\n', '').split(',')

    # Convert string data into float form
    data.append( list(map(float, line[ :-1 ])) )
    label.append( line[-1] )


# Turn the string into a number to facilitate subsequent processing
name_list = list(set(label))
for index in range(len(label)):
    label[index] = name_list.index( label[index] )


# Converted into a numpy array, you can process the data like MATLAB.
import numpy as np

data = np.array(data)
label = np.array(label)


print('data:')
# View the dimensional information of the data
print(data.shape)
print(data)
print()
print('label:')
print(label.shape)
print(label)
```

The output is very neat data, clearer than the data output format that comes with python.

```python
data:
(150, 4)
[[5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2]
 [4.9 3.  1.4 0.2]
 [4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2]
 [4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2]
 [5.  3.6 1.4 0.2]
 [5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4]
 [4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3]
 [5.  3.4 1.5 0.2]
 [4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2]
 [4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1]
 [5.4 3.7 1.5 0.2]
 [4.8 3.4 1.6 0.2]
 [4.8 3.  1.4 0.1]
 [4.3 3.  1.1 0.1]
 [5.8 4.  1.2 0.2]
 [5.7 4.4 1.5 0.4]
 [5.4 3.9 1.3 0.4]
 [5.1 3.5 1.4 0.3]
 [5.7 3.8 1.7 0.3]
 [5.1 3.8 1.5 0.3]
 [5.4 3.4 1.7 0.2]
 [5.1 3.7 1.5 0.4]
 [4.6 3.6 1.  0.2]
 [5.1 3.3 1.7 0.5]
 [4.8 3.4 1.9 0.2]
 [5.  3.  1.6 0.2]
 [5.  3.4 1.6 0.4]
 [5.2 3.5 1.5 0.2]
 [5.2 3.4 1.4 0.2]
 [4.7 3.2 1.6 0.2]
 [4.8 3.1 1.6 0.2]
 [5.4 3.4 1.5 0.4]
 [5.2 4.1 1.5 0.1]
 [5.5 4.2 1.4 0.2]
 [4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1]
 [5.  3.2 1.2 0.2]
 [5.5 3.5 1.3 0.2]
 [4.9 3.1 1.5 0.1]
 [4.4 3.  1.3 0.2]
 [5.1 3.4 1.5 0.2]
 [5.  3.5 1.3 0.3]
 [4.5 2.3 1.3 0.3]
 [4.4 3.2 1.3 0.2]
 [5.  3.5 1.6 0.6]
 [5.1 3.8 1.9 0.4]
 [4.8 3.  1.4 0.3]
 [5.1 3.8 1.6 0.2]
 [4.6 3.2 1.4 0.2]
 [5.3 3.7 1.5 0.2]
 [5.  3.3 1.4 0.2]
 [7.  3.2 4.7 1.4]
 [6.4 3.2 4.5 1.5]
 [6.9 3.1 4.9 1.5]
 [5.5 2.3 4.  1.3]
 [6.5 2.8 4.6 1.5]
 [5.7 2.8 4.5 1.3]
 [6.3 3.3 4.7 1.6]
 [4.9 2.4 3.3 1. ]
 [6.6 2.9 4.6 1.3]
 [5.2 2.7 3.9 1.4]
 [5.  2.  3.5 1. ]
 [5.9 3.  4.2 1.5]
 [6.  2.2 4.  1. ]
 [6.1 2.9 4.7 1.4]
 [5.6 2.9 3.6 1.3]
 [6.7 3.1 4.4 1.4]
 [5.6 3.  4.5 1.5]
 [5.8 2.7 4.1 1. ]
 [6.2 2.2 4.5 1.5]
 [5.6 2.5 3.9 1.1]
 [5.9 3.2 4.8 1.8]
 [6.1 2.8 4.  1.3]
 [6.3 2.5 4.9 1.5]
 [6.1 2.8 4.7 1.2]
 [6.4 2.9 4.3 1.3]
 [6.6 3.  4.4 1.4]
 [6.8 2.8 4.8 1.4]
 [6.7 3.  5.  1.7]
 [6.  2.9 4.5 1.5]
 [5.7 2.6 3.5 1. ]
 [5.5 2.4 3.8 1.1]
 [5.5 2.4 3.7 1. ]
 [5.8 2.7 3.9 1.2]
 [6.  2.7 5.1 1.6]
 [5.4 3.  4.5 1.5]
 [6.  3.4 4.5 1.6]
 [6.7 3.1 4.7 1.5]
 [6.3 2.3 4.4 1.3]
 [5.6 3.  4.1 1.3]
 [5.5 2.5 4.  1.3]
 [5.5 2.6 4.4 1.2]
 [6.1 3.  4.6 1.4]
 [5.8 2.6 4.  1.2]
 [5.  2.3 3.3 1. ]
 [5.6 2.7 4.2 1.3]
 [5.7 3.  4.2 1.2]
 [5.7 2.9 4.2 1.3]
 [6.2 2.9 4.3 1.3]
 [5.1 2.5 3.  1.1]
 [5.7 2.8 4.1 1.3]
 [6.3 3.3 6.  2.5]
 [5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9]
 [7.1 3.  5.9 2.1]
 [6.3 2.9 5.6 1.8]
 [6.5 3.  5.8 2.2]
 [7.6 3.  6.6 2.1]
 [4.9 2.5 4.5 1.7]
 [7.3 2.9 6.3 1.8]
 [6.7 2.5 5.8 1.8]
 [7.2 3.6 6.1 2.5]
 [6.5 3.2 5.1 2. ]
 [6.4 2.7 5.3 1.9]
 [6.8 3.  5.5 2.1]
 [5.7 2.5 5.  2. ]
 [5.8 2.8 5.1 2.4]
 [6.4 3.2 5.3 2.3]
 [6.5 3.  5.5 1.8]
 [7.7 3.8 6.7 2.2]
 [7.7 2.6 6.9 2.3]
 [6.  2.2 5.  1.5]
 [6.9 3.2 5.7 2.3]
 [5.6 2.8 4.9 2. ]
 [7.7 2.8 6.7 2. ]
 [6.3 2.7 4.9 1.8]
 [6.7 3.3 5.7 2.1]
 [7.2 3.2 6.  1.8]
 [6.2 2.8 4.8 1.8]
 [6.1 3.  4.9 1.8]
 [6.4 2.8 5.6 2.1]
 [7.2 3.  5.8 1.6]
 [7.4 2.8 6.1 1.9]
 [7.9 3.8 6.4 2. ]
 [6.4 2.8 5.6 2.2]
 [6.3 2.8 5.1 1.5]
 [6.1 2.6 5.6 1.4]
 [7.7 3.  6.1 2.3]
 [6.3 3.4 5.6 2.4]
 [6.4 3.1 5.5 1.8]
 [6.  3.  4.8 1.8]
 [6.9 3.1 5.4 2.1]
 [6.7 3.1 5.6 2.4]
 [6.9 3.1 5.1 2.3]
 [5.8 2.7 5.1 1.9]
 [6.8 3.2 5.9 2.3]
 [6.7 3.3 5.7 2.5]
 [6.7 3.  5.2 2.3]
 [6.3 2.5 5.  1.9]
 [6.5 3.  5.2 2. ]
 [6.2 3.4 5.4 2.3]
 [5.9 3.  5.1 1.8]]

label:
(150,)
[2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 0 0]
```

In this way, we can easily process data. In future documents, I will directly use data and label to represent the iris data set.

{% hint style="danger" %}
The iris data set is very commonly used, so there are some libraries that provide a way to directly read the iris data set.

For example, pandas has such a function, and the data and label obtained are similar to those obtained by my method.

The advantage of my method is freedom, which means that this method can be applied to any data set, and you can get whatever data you want. The format of the data is also a very common array format like numpy.

I hope everyone can understand and learn this way, because reading data is an important part of understanding data.
{% endhint %}

## Statistics

Start time of this page: December 19, 2021

Completion time of this page: December 19, 2021
